For physicians

CEAP (browser version)

CEAP (browser version)

right lower limb

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left lower limb

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Symptoms

A: asymptomatic

S: symptomatic

E — etiologic factors

En: No cause identiﬁed

The En descriptor should be present when no other venous etiology (Ep,Esi,orEse,Ec) is found, yet there are clinical signs and symptoms that can be consistent with those typically associated with venous disease. Basically, this is a category of exclusion.

Ep: Primary

There should be not any other factors that would classify the process as congenital or secondary.

Ec: Congenital

The congenital category includes conditions present at birth, but not limited to venous agenesis, venous malformation (such as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome), and arteriovenous malformation that can result in signs and symptoms of venous disease. Each of these presentations may or may not be present at birth, but may also manifest later in life.

Es: Secondary

Secondary damage to the venous wall or impaired venous hemodynamics

Esi: Secondary intravenous

Any intravenous condition causing venous wall and/or valve damage, resulting from conditions such as DVT, traumatic arteriovenous ﬁstulas, primary intravenous sarcoma, or other luminal change internal to the vein

Ese: Secondary extravenous

No venous wall or valve damage, yet symptoms are present owing to a condition affecting venous hemodynamics either locally or systemically, such as central venous hypertension (eg, obesity, congestive heart failure, nutcracker syndrome, and pelvic and venous congestion), extrinsic compression due to mass effect (eg, extravenous tumor and local ﬁbrosis, such as retroperitoneal ﬁbrosis), or muscle pump dysfunction owing to motor disorders (eg, paraplegia, arthritis, chronic immobility, frozen ankle, or severe sedentary state)

A — anatomic distribution

An: No venous anatomic location identiﬁed

As: superﬁcial vein(s)

Ap: perforating vein(s)

Ad: deep vein(s)

Automatic fill based on data from the P section

L — level of the diagnostic evaluation

LI: History, physical examination, Doppler examination (handheld)

LII: Noninvasive—duplex scan, plethysmography

LIII: Invasive or complex evaluation—contrast venography, venous pressure measurements, IVUS, CT venography, MR venography